Mies-En-Scene and Cinematography

Microfeatures: Mise en scene and cinematography 

Mise en scene:

• Long shot => sets the scene 
• 2 shot => relationship between 2 characters 
• Central park => location 
• Horses and carriage => transport available at that time
• Close up => focus on one character 
• Mid-shot => focus on the character/s in the shot and the surrounding

Lighting:

• Black and white => due to low budget and technology available at that time 
• Dark, dull, nigh time => danger, crime
• The female lead's face was lit up => beautiful, angelic, goddess.
• Darkness + shadows => metaphor used to show the personalities of the character reflecting their emotion.

Cinematography:

• Camera work seems to be unstable due to lack of equipment at that time 
• Following shot => no edits
• Camera tilt 

Editing - Cuts and Transitions

Editing - Cuts and transitions

Q1. What is the most basic edit  and what does it do?

- Cut which is going from one shot to another shot.

Q2. What is the purposes of a simple cut?

- Changing perspectives and advancing the story.

Q3. What is cutting on action?
- Cutting from one shot to another while the subject is still in motion.

Q4. Give three examples of action cuts.
- Punching, throwing, kicking and going from door to door.

Q5. What is a cut away?
- Cutting into an intsert shot of something and back.

Q6. What is the purpose of a cut away shot?
- To get inside the head of the character.

Q7. What is cross cutting? Give an example

- When the editor intercuts back and forth locations and an example is during a phone conversations.

Q8. What effects can cross cutting be used to achieve.

- It can increase the tension and suspense of the sequence and also used to show what is going on inside the character's head.

Q9. What is a jump cut? Explain its purpose.
-When the editor cuts between the same shot and deliberately used to show the passing of time. Also used to add a snese of urgency in the shot.

Q10. Explain what a match cut is and give an example.
- It cuts from one shot to a similar shot by either matching the act or the composition and mainly used in transitions. An example is jumping from one place to another.

Q11. What is a transition?
- The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.

Q12 What is meant by fade in fade out?
- Dissolving to or from black.

Q13.How is a fade in fade out different to a dissolve? Are they used for different purposes? Make a table.
- Dissolve is blending one shot to another which is used to show the passing of time and to merge shots.

Q14. What is a smash cut?
- They are arupt transitions and an example is waking up from a nightmare. Going from quiet to intense or intense to quiet.

Q15. What is the iris transition?
- Back in the days it was an in camera effect when you can manually open and close your iris to transition to black. Nowdays, this is used as a stylisic choice.

Q16. What is a wipe?

- A wipe is when the shot moves left, right, top or bottom as a wipe but there are many more different types of wipes.

 Q17. What is an invisible Cut?

- This is used to give an impression of a single take however cuts are hidden in darkness/ blackness or you can hide the cut on the motion of the camera movement.

Q18. What is the purpose of L cuts and J cuts?
- L cut is an audio based transition. This is when the audio from the current shot carries over the the nest shot and is used in scene transiotions and when characters are having a conversation. J cut is when the audio from the next scene starts before you get to it so you hear what is going on before you see what is going on. These two cuts are used to create a seemless flow and a seemless transition with an audio guiding the way.

Blade Runner Presentation

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bRS36eviycNwpafuUd-rDthFls0wq066/view?usp=sharing

Blade Runner

' Blade Runner ' ( Ridley Scott, 1982: Director's cut ) 

How film noir influenced Blade Runner’s beautiful darkness

1. Name both of Ridley Scott's iconic career defining films

Alien and Blade Runner

2. To what aesthetic does Blade Runner owe its aesthetic?

The film owes much of its sombre philosophy and pitch-black aesthetic to 1930s and 40s film noir.

3. Find Examples of the film noir aesthetic in Blade runner - use screen grabs if you prefer.

4. What is a neo-noir?

Neo-noir is a contraction of the phrase new film noir.

5. Identify the themes that Ridley Scott developed in Blade Runner.

6. How did Ridley Scott blend genres? - identify elements.

Widescreen shots of an endless, decaying metropolis, crowded, dark and diseased with societal discord; high-contrast venetian blinds; people perennially smoking cigarettes and monsoon levels of rainfall are all elements that define the genre.

7. What does Davis say that Ridley Scott has done with Film Noir?

The film has rebooted, updated and colourised a lot of the tropes of film noir which pushes the embryo of noir top give birth to something new (Neo-Noir).

. How does the production design relate to chronology?
The production design features has quite specific nods to classic noir locations, such as the use of the Bradbury Building in Los Angeles for J. F. Sebastian’s apartment building, which people did not really think about the future as a decaying carcass.

9. How do the lead characters in Blade Runner reference Film Noir?
Femme Fatale: Rachael is certainly modelled on a 40s look – the veil, the pillbox hat, the shoulder pads, the mascara, the continual smoking – it’s classic 1940s noir.

0. Who is a character you won't find in Film Noir?

Science Fiction - Research and Production

Science Fiction - Research and Production

Conventions of Science fiction:

Source by: https://www.slideshare.net/Nikchik89/science-fiction-conventions

• Setting - time => the future, alternative timeline, or a historical past that contradicts historical records.
• Setting - place => outer space, other worlds, or alternatives visions of earth.
• Film techniques => special effects, close ups of futuristic technologies/ scientific elements.
• Narrative elements => conflict between good and evil.
• Narrative elements => the development and/ or application of;
• a) new technologies ( eg; robots, nanotechnology, spaceships )
• b) new scientific principles ( eg; time travel )
• c) new political system ( eg; dystopian, utopian societies )
• Symbolism => futuristic props, costumes and setting that represents the scientific advancement at the centre of the film.

Sci-fi Codes and Conventions:

Source by: https://prezi.com/ag8s9brshegp/sci-fi-codes-and-conventions/

• Characters => typical scientist to explain the science theories, aliens or species discovered, evil scientist, villain and a person in charge ( eg; commander )
• Heroes => mainly human
• Villain => alien or unknown species, possibly be human
• Settings => space, rockets, solar system, universes or other dimension
•  Stereotypes => time travel, futuristic/ advanced technologies
• Costumes => space suits, weapons, uniform
• Music and sound effects => rocket ship engines, unknown alien language, computers, diegetic and none diegetic music, robots/ machines
• Use of colour/ lighting => darkness of space, bright lights from the stars and neutral colours.
• Camera shots => use various shots such as; long shot ( to show the planet or galaxy ), medium shot ( to show the actions taking place ), close up ( emotions and representation of characters )
• Story line => beginning, middle, climax, resolution, ending or a cliff hanger.
• Editing => special effects, CGI, green screen, flash backs, flash forwards.

Science fiction elements:

Source by: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction

• Temporal settings in the future or in alternative history
• Spatial settings or scenes ( universe, galaxy, space )
• Aspects of biology in fiction ( aliens, unknown species, mutants, enhanced humans )
• Speculative or predicted technologies ( brain computer interface, bio-engineering, super intelligent computers, robots, ray guns or advanced weapons )
• Undiscovered scientific possibilities ( teleportation, time travel )
• New and different political and social systems ( Utopia, dystopian )
•  Future history and evolution of humans and planets
• Paranormal activities ( telepathy, mind control )

Questions on Editing

Questions on Editing

1. What is editing? Explain using examples

Editing is the process of selecting from the range of different shots available and joining them together to tell a story or narrative. Examples of editing are substitution splice effects, transitional dissolve and more.

2. Why is editing known as the invisible art?

Editing is also known as invisible art because we cannot see anything other than the choices that have been made by the editor working with the director.

3. Explain how editing techniques developed using specific examples.

When film was initially developed at the turn of the 20th Century, audiences watched single reels of a few minutes in length. These were generally in Long Shot as the film medium was developed by people from the theatre who used film to record performances. In 1902, in George Melies' 'La Voyage Dans La Lune' used more editing techniques such as substitution splice effect, transitional dissolves, pseudo-tracking shot, multiple exposures and hand tinted colour print which took about 3 months to complete. The following year in 1903, Edwin Stanton Porter's 'The Great train Robbery' used editing techniques such as the use of close up shots, cross cutting, reels joined together to make a longer film and develop the narrative and on location shooting.

4. Explain the impact of the first films on an audience.

It was reported in Der Spiegel (a German magazine) that audiences were so overwhelmed by a life-sized image of a train coming straight at them that many of them screamed and ran to the back of the hall. It was reported in the magazine that the film had a particularly lasting impact causing fear, terror and even panic. Also, the film 'La Voyage Dans La Lune' (George Melies, 1902) was to evoke the perspective of an audience member in a theatre.

Film Noir

                          

Film Noir 

Intro to Film Noir:

• Black film refers to the mood or atmosphere of film. ( Bleak and pessimistic )
• Distinctive look - contrast between darkness and light.
• Visual style - an aesthetic or genre stylish crime drama.
• French film critic Nino Frank in 1946 used it to describe the bleak but stylistically expressive films emerging from Hollywood in the early 1940s.
• Made by European film makers who fled from Europe due to World War 2.
• They were influenced by German expressionism.
• Pessimistic outlook due to the brutality of the war.
• Classic period: 1941-1958.
• First film noir: The Maltese Falcon directed by John Huston
• Last film noir: A Touch of Evil directed by Orson Welles.

Film Noir's unique visual style:

• Light and darkness
• Shadows
• Silhouettes 
• Blinds and bars
• Strange camera angles 
• High contrast
• Black and white  

Narrative Elements:

• Use of flashbacks.
• Use of voice over for the main protagonist to give the voice to inner feelings and alienation.
• Complicated and twisting plots and subplots.
• Sudden reverse in fortune.
• Circular narratives 
• A network of minor characters.
• Tragic Ending.